The emotional tie with another person shown by seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.
-Body contact, familiarity, and responsiveness all contribute to attachment.
Do we all need attachment and physical contact?
-Yes, according the theories of John Bowlby (1969, 1991), that children who form an attachment to an adult are more likely to survive.
-Attachment not only deepens the parent-child relationship, but may have contributed to human survival.
The Quality of Attachment
Based on how the infant reacts to separation from the caregiver and the reunion by using a procedure known as the Strange Situation.
Ainsworth (1993) and others have identified 4 basic types of attachment relationships
Types of Attachment Secure attachment is a relationship of trust and confidence.
-During infancy this relationship provides a secure base for exploration of the environment.
-This group seems to say “I missed you terribly, but now that you’re back, I’m okay.”
-60-65% of American children have secure attachment relationships (Kail, 2007).
Insecure-Avoidant attachment:
-Infants or young children seem somewhat indifferent toward their caregivers and may even avoid their caregivers alone, they are as easily comforted by a stranger as by a parent.
-As if to say, “you left me again, I always have to take care of myself!”
Insecure : Resistant Attachment
-Infants or young children are clingy and stay close to their caregivers rather than exploring their environment.
-The baby is upset when the mother leaves and remains upset or even angry when she returns, and is difficult to console
Disorganized attachment
-Infants or young children have no consistent way to coping with the stress of the “Strange Situation”
-The baby seems confused when the mother leaves and when she returns.
This leads to problems with emotional regulation, social function and severe emotional problems.
Name that Attachment Relationship!
A baby in this group might say “I missed you terribly, but now that you’re back, I’m okay.”
Secure
A baby in this group might say “You left me again. I always have to take care of myself.”
Insecure Avoidant
A baby in this group might say “Why do you do this? I get so angry when you’re like this.”
A baby in this group might say “What’s going on here? I want you to be here, but you left and now you’re back. I don’t know whether to laugh or cry.”
Disorganized
Parental Patterns
Diana Baumrind’s three main parenting styles
Authoritarian Parenting
Imposing rules and expecting obedience
Low in warmth
Discipline is strict
Communication high from parent to child and low from child to parent
Maturity expectations are high.
Permissive Parenting
Submitting to children’s desires, making few demands, and using little punishment
High in warmth but rarely discipline
Communication is low from parent to child but high from child to parent.
Expectations of maturity are low.
Authoritative Parenting
A making demands on the child, being responsive, setting and enforcing rules, and discussing the reason behind the rules.
Attachment
The emotional tie with another person shown by seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.
-Body contact, familiarity, and responsiveness all contribute to attachment.
Do we all need attachment and physical contact?
-Yes, according the theories of John Bowlby (1969, 1991), that children who form an attachment to an adult are more likely to survive.
-Attachment not only deepens the parent-child relationship, but may have contributed to human survival.
The Quality of Attachment
Based on how the infant reacts to separation from the caregiver and the reunion by using a procedure known as the Strange Situation.
Ainsworth (1993) and others have identified 4 basic types of attachment relationships
Secure Attachment
Insecure/Resistant
Insecure/Avoidant
Insecure/Disorganized
Types of Attachment
Secure attachment is a relationship of trust and confidence.
-During infancy this relationship provides a secure base for exploration of the environment.
-This group seems to say “I missed you terribly, but now that you’re back, I’m okay.”
-60-65% of American children have secure attachment relationships (Kail, 2007).
Insecure-Avoidant attachment:
-Infants or young children seem somewhat indifferent toward their caregivers and may even avoid their caregivers alone, they are as easily comforted by a stranger as by a parent.
-As if to say, “you left me again, I always have to take care of myself!”
Insecure : Resistant Attachment
-Infants or young children are clingy and stay close to their caregivers rather than exploring their environment.
-The baby is upset when the mother leaves and remains upset or even angry when she returns, and is difficult to console
Disorganized attachment
-Infants or young children have no consistent way to coping with the stress of the “Strange Situation”
-The baby seems confused when the mother leaves and when she returns.
This leads to problems with emotional regulation, social function and severe emotional problems.
Name that Attachment Relationship!
A baby in this group might say “I missed you terribly, but now that you’re back, I’m okay.”
Secure
A baby in this group might say “You left me again. I always have to take care of myself.”
Insecure Avoidant
A baby in this group might say “Why do you do this? I get so angry when you’re like this.”
A baby in this group might say “What’s going on here? I want you to be here, but you left and now you’re back. I don’t know whether to laugh or cry.”
Disorganized
Parental Patterns
Diana Baumrind’s three main parenting styles
Authoritarian Parenting
Imposing rules and expecting obedience
Low in warmth
Discipline is strict
Communication high from parent to child and low from child to parent
Maturity expectations are high.
Permissive Parenting
Submitting to children’s desires, making few demands, and using little punishment
High in warmth but rarely discipline
Communication is low from parent to child but high from child to parent.
Expectations of maturity are low.
Authoritative Parenting
A making demands on the child, being responsive, setting and enforcing rules, and discussing the reason behind the rules.
High in warmth with moderate discipline
High in communication and negotiating
Maturity expectations are moderate.